Vertical steam boiler and water heater



Feb. 9 1926.

Filed. July 16 H E WALLIS VERTICAL STEAM BOILER AND WATER HEATER l @QQQQ 1N VIEW TUR ATUFAEI Patented Feb. 9, 1926.

UNETED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY E. WALLIS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR ONE-THIRD TO A. G- BUSH,

OF DAVENPORT, IOWA.

VERTICAL STEAM BOILER AND WATER HEATER.

Application filed July s, 1921. Serial No. 485,150.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ITTENRY E. VALLIS, a citizen or the United States of America, rcsiding at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Vertical Steam Boilers and ater Heaters, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in 10 vertical steam boilers and water heaters of both portable and stationarytype and while applicable to such boilers and heaters gen orally, especially intended for portable boilers such as are used on cement mixers, steam shovels, hoists and other operations rei'piiring a maximum of capacity with a minimum of weight and which. will reduce the time and attention required for operation, cleaning, repairs, to a minimum.

The objects of my invention ar c:, To provide a vertical steam boiler and water heater of simplified ci'instruction, su-

perior eiliciency, increased capacity and of prevent the accumulation of soot uponthe heating surfaces, will direct the fire against the surfaces of the inner shell of the boiler or heater, thus promoting the transmission or" heat through the shell and preventing the formation and accumulation of soot thereon, and will provide for the expansion and contraction of the fire box and combustion chamber walls.

To provide a portable vertical steam boiler use of tubes, will be impossible.

To providea boiler in which the largest possible number of heat units will be transmitted from the furnace to the water with resulting economy in fuel.

To provide a boiler in which the water level may vary between limits that would be impracticable in any other type of boiler in which the troubles usuallv incident to the thereby obtaining increased heating capacity.

without interfering with'econoiny of: opera tion and withoutdanger of burning the boiler plates.

To increase thewater capacity of a vertical boiler over that of tubular boilers of the same size so as to provide more storage of latent heat and insure a plentiful supply of steam .to'meet sudden demands. 7

To provide a boiler of such form that it will not be necessary to clean or scrape Soot tromthe the surfaces and in which the d posit of scale upon the Water surfaces will be reduced to a minimum and can be readily cleaned out. y y

To provide a flueless water'heater and steam boiler that will avoid the delays and difficulties for repairs made necessary by leakage due to contraction and expansion of the tubes, crownsheet. etc;, of tubular boilers, without sacrificing eiiiciency. 7 y i To provide for the rapid circulation of water in a steam boiler or ater heater,

To utilize the, increased heat absorbing power of water when in rapid circulation over the heating surfaces of a steam boiler or Water heater. r 5

To: provide means for maintaining a full supply of Water upon or against the heating surfaces of a steam boiler even when" the general Water level is lowered far below its normal point. i i

To provide for a constant heating areain a steam boiler without variation from changes of water level. i

To provide means to reduce or preventthe accumulation ofthe scalenpon the heating surfaces in a steam boiler and water heater.

To provide a form of boiler or Water heater which will allow for expansion and contraction of its parts in such a Way as to obviate leakage or at least reduce leakage to a minimum.

To provide an eflicient form of vertical boiler and Water heater which can be more readily and cheaply manufactured than the ordinary types of verticaltubular boilers and heaters. i

To provide a form of boiler and Water heater which will lend itself to production by machinery in large quantities With a minimum of hand labor thereon.

ion

I attain these objects by the mechanism I in any of the common wellknown forms and I make no claim for any particular form of base. The ash pit is formed above the base in the usual way and grates O, are mounted in any way desired above the ash pit. The feed door P, is secured in the side of the boiler in any of the wellknown methods in common use and a smoke stack may be mounted upon the throat T, and suitably secured thereto. 1

The furnace comprises a lower cylindr cal section B, and an upper conical section G.

The upper and lower sections are preferably made, of steel but can be made of any suitable metal and form the inner shell of the boiler or heater. They may be formed separately and riveted together as in Figure 2 or welded together. 7

The outer shell of the boiler is preferably formed from a single sheet and the furnace sheets forming the inner shell of theboiler are secured thereto by riveting as in Figure 2, butmay be welded or otherwise suitably secured. In g'eneral, I prefer the ogee form as shown for the lower end ofthe boiler or heater, but it is obvious that when dcsi1'ed,,a'

flanged annular plate may bev secured between the lowere1id of theinner and outer shells of the boilers and riveted to each in any wellknown method.

Hand holes or clean-out holes Q, of any of the ordinary types, are formed in the side walls of the boiler orheater with the usual covers and fastenings, near the bottom of the water leg and may be variedin size, shape and position to suit the requirements of any particular casef I At the top of the outer shell of the boiler or heater, adome sheet is. riveted to the shell at its outer edges and its inner edges are riveted or suitably secured to the upper end of the upper or conical sheet of the inner shell of the boiler. The dome plate is preferably an, annular plate concaved on" its lower surface, with suflicient curve .totake the expansion and contraction, and flanged at its outer edge to lit the outer shell of the boiler and at its inner edge to fit the upper or conical section of the furnace and 1s se-- cured to these plates by rivets or in any suitable manner. An outlet pipe L, is suitably secured in the dome sheet and an inlet or feed pipe M, is suitably secured in the side of the upper shell of the boiler, preferably at a point approximately midway of the conical or upper furnace sheet. In small sized boilers and heaters, no stay-bolts will be required, but in the larger size, stay-bolts may be provided as N, J and K. In the larger sizes, I prefer to have a'portion of the staybolts for the upper section secured at right angles to the upper or conical sheet of the furnace as at K, and a portion of them secured at right angles to the outer shell of the boiler as at J.

In either case, the joints between the staybolts and skirt sheet should be a close fit to prevent passage of Water or steam through the joints. The top of the skirt sheet, to secure the best results, must extend to the normal water line of the boiler and may be carried a little above the'normal water line.

Vashout holes R, closed in the usual manner, are provided near the upper end of the boiler. make no claim for any specified number, but the number, size and position of the washout'holes may be varied to suit the requirements of any particular case. These washout holes are preferably formed near the upper level of the skirt sheet here after described, so as to allow the intro duction of a hose in a position to wash the conical or upper-section freely.

A skirt sheet or curtain E, of steel or other suitableIinaterial, is secured to the conical furnace sheet by bolts or studs Gr. Each bolt/or stud G, has one end secured to the conical furnace sheet and its opposite end threaded to receive lock nuts, H and I, which secure the skirt or curtain sheet thereto.

The skirt or curtain sheet is preferably formed in a conical shape paralleling the conical or upper section of the furnace. It is preferably secured with itslower edge approximately level with the junction of the upper and lower furnace sheets and its upper end extending nearly to the level of the top ofthe outer shell of the boiler, but the size,

shape, position and proportions of the skirt sheet may be varied to meet the requirements of any particular case. In practice, howe ver,I findtha't an angle of approximately twelve and one-half degrees from the vertical'is the best inclination for the conical furnace sheet and that the skirt or curtain sheet will give the best results if its lower edge is secured at a distance from the conical sheet approximately equal to two-thirds of the distance from the lower edge of the conical sheetto the outer shell of the boiler or heater. An annular 'baiile plate F, is socured to the conical furnace sheet near the top thereof and a short distance above the top of the skirt or curtain sheet. The baille plate is )refe1i'ablyriveted to the conical furnace sheet, but may be secured in any manner desired. The baffle plate is concave thereto and should be omitted, but in a steam boiler, it

performs the in'ip or'tant function of deflecting the water thrown up against it-by the circulation betweenthe conical sheet and the skirt sheet so that the water is thrown downward and outward toward the outer shell of the boiler and at the same time the steam separates from the water and passes upward into the space between the baths and the dome sheet or plate. The portion of the conical sheet or plate between the battle and the dome, is kept free from water by the bafile and acts to some extent as a superheater for the steam. In ordinary practice, I prefer to have the height of the cylindrica-l section of the the box above the grate bars approximately equal to the height of the conical section, but itis obvious that the size, form, location and proportions of the various parts of my heater or boiler may be varied to meet the requirements of various different cases without departing from the spirit of my invention. i

In the operation of my furnace and boiler, it is fired up in the usual way. Coal or any other suitable fuel may be used. The burning gases mixing with the air, produce combustion in. the firebox and the portion of the furnace within the conical sheet forms a combustion chamber where the mixture and combustion of the air and gases is completed. The conical form of the upper section of the furnace has a tendency to retard the burning gases from passing too rapidly up the stack. The heat is transmitted through the water leg of the furnace and through the conical sheet to the water in the boiler or heater. lVhen used as a boiler, the upper part of the conical sheet acts, when heated to a certain extent, as a super-heater for the steam in the dome of the boiler.

hen the furnace is fired passing through the water leg and the conical sheet or plate, reaches the water adjacent causes it to rise. The heated water rising gives place to the colder water descending close to the outer shell of the boiler or heater. As the heated water rises in the water leg, it comes into contact with the lower edge of the skirt or curtain sheet and follows the lower surface of the skirt or curtain sheet to the top thereof. It is obvious that the bubbles and steam leaving the conical sheet will rise in a vertical line until they come into contact with the lower face of the skirt or curtain sheet and then following that, they will strike against the battle, the concave face of which will throw par up, the heat.

thewater outward anddownward and the steam will pass under the edge of the bat tie and into the dome or steam chamber.

The transmission of the heat'tothe water is greatly facilitated by the circulation of the water between the conical sheet, and the skirt or curtain sheet.

rapid and increase in rapidity as the hea:

increases, to such an extent that a constant,; rapid flow of water between the conical sheet and the skirt or curtain sheet will be main; tained continuously so long as suiticient heat is applied and sufiicient water kept in the boiler to stand at a level above the bottom of the skirt sheet.

This circulation of the water provides a constant contact between the conical sheet In my 'liOll'ktO'f invention, this water circulation Wlll be veryand the water and prevents the conical sheet from getting dry at any point below the baflie and thus avoids danger of burning. This arrangement not only prevents burning of the conical sheet, but secures a-constant heating area .fouthe water. It also allows a much greater variation of water level and allows the gauge cocks to be placed much farther apart than in the ordinary vertical boiler. It not only lessens the danger of ex plosion but minimizes the danger and destruction in case an explosion does take place it being obvious that the small body of water remaining in the water leg cannot explode with so much force as the larger quantity remaining in a vertical tubular boiler of the same size whentheupper ends of the tubes or fines are exposed to burning by reason of low water. l

The circulation of the water also produces a washing action upon .the conical sheet which tends to prevent the formation and accumulation of scale thereon and thereby greatly increases its erliciency. This washing action of the water and its circulation as described, also tends to cause the water to carry any scale-matter to the bottom of the water leg where it can accumulate with the minimum injury and be readily removed through the hand holes. In case any scale does formupon the conical sheet or upon the skirt sheet, the large opening between them readily permits washing it out with a hose through the washout holes in the upper part of the boiler as described and the shape and size of the conical sheet render it an easy matter to loosen the scale by lightly pounding the inside of the conical sheet with a hammer or other suitable tool. means shown to secure the skirt sheet in position will transmit suflicientl vibration from the conical sheet to the skirt sheet to loosen the scale thereon, the circulatory action of the water not only facilitates its tak ing up the heat through the conical sheet and'assists in forming the steam from the water, but avoids the cross currents and intermixture of the hotter and cooler water before the steam has been separated therefrom. i

The freedom from soot and scale upon the inner sheets of my boiler or heater greatly increases its efficiency over other vertical boilers and heaters of similar size.

I claim: i

1. A steam boiler-comprising a cylindrical outer shell, an inner shell having a cylindrical lower section with a conical upper section secured thereto and extending some below the top of theco-nical section and itslower end of a diameter exceeding that of said'cylindrical lower section v 1 2. A steam boiler comprising a cylindrical outer shelhan inner shell having a cylindrical lower section and aconical upper section extending some distance above the normal waterline, an annular dome plate having its inner edge secured tothe upper end of the conical section and its outer edge secured to the upper end of the outer shell,

and a conical v skirt sheet secured to and around the conical section of the inner shell at a uniform distance the'rjefrom' and with its upper end extending slightlyabove the normal water line, and its lower end having a diameter exceeding thediameter of said cylindrical lower section.

3. Ina steamboiler or water heater, the combination with a cylindrical outer shell, of an inner shell comprising a cylindrical lower section having a conical upper section united thereto and extending a substantial distance above the normal water line, an annular dome plate having its inner edge secured to the upper end of the'conical section and its outer edge secured to the upper end of the-outer shell, and a conical skirt sheet secured to and around the conical inner shell at a uniform distance therefrom, and open at its top'and bottom, with its upper end terminating'slightly above the normal water line and below the top of the conical section and its lower'end of a diameter exceeding that of said cylindrical lower section.

4. A steam boileror water heater comprising a cylindrical outer shell, an inner shell having a cylindrical lower section and a conicalupper section secured thereto and extending a substantial distance above the normal water line, an ann-ulardome plate having-its inner edge secured to the upper end of the conical section and its outer edge secured to the upper end of the outer shelh aconicalskirt sheetsecured to and around the conical section of the inner shell at a uniform distance therefrom and with its upper end extending approximately to the normal water line and its lower end having a diameter exceeding the diameter of said cylindrical lower section. I

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature. HENRY E. WALLIS. 

